PORT DIRECTIVE OF 1878 FOR MERCHANT SHIPS OPERATING IN THE OTTOMAN CAPITAL (DERSAADET) ISTANBUL SEAPORTS / BAŞKENT İSTANBUL’DA (DERSAADET) İŞLEYEN TİCARET GEMİLERİNE YÖNELİK 1878 LİMAN NİZAMNAMESİ

İsmail KÖSE

Öz


After the conquest of Istanbul, Ottoman capital relocated to this city and the waterways passing between Asia and Europa became the Turkish Straits. When the Ottomans reached to the northern coasts of the Black Sea, the Turkish Straits became a matter of security and commerce for Tsarist Russia. From the last decades of 19th century Russian desires on Istanbul and the Straits could not be fulfilled and until present day the desire to control the straits remains. The war of 1877-78 brought destructive consequences for the Ottomans and paved the way for Russia to have some control on shipping using the Straits. The balance of power during that time did not allow Russian militaristic control over Straits. However, it was an undeniable reality that Russian merchant ships had obtained freedom of navigation within the Straits after the year of 1878. In order to lessen Russian influence as much as possible and get adapted to new condition the Ottoman government was forced to issue a new regulation for the merchant ships operating in the Straits. The new Directive brought some rules and rights for foreign vessels, including the one that Ottoman government could not punish the Russian ships in case of their illegal departure from the ports. 


Anahtar Kelimeler


Turkish Straits, Russia, Dersaadet, Ports, Britain

Tam Metin:

PDF

Referanslar


Akman, Mehmet, “Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Osmanlı Hukuk Mevzuatı I, I. Tertip Düstur’un Tarihi Fihrist ve Dizini”, Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları, No. 3, (Spring 2003). pp. 67-224.

Bilsel, Cemil, Lozan, Vol. II, Sosyal Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998.

Carr, Edward H. The Twenty Years Crisis, Palgrave, New York, 2001.

Cevdet Paşa, Tezakir, 40 Tetimme, publ. Cavid Baysun, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1967.

Crowe, F. Standefer, The Soviet Union and The Turkish Straits, 1933-1945, Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Florida State University, 1973.

Dersaadet Liman Nizamnamesi 1294 [1878], Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1878.

Düstur, Vol. 4, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1292 [1875].

Düstur, Vol. II, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1289 [1872].

Düstur, Dersaadet Liman Nizamnamesi 1871, Vol. II, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1289 [1872].

Düstur, Memaliki Şahane Limanında Sefayin-i Ticariyeye Virilecek Tezkirelere Dair Nizamname, H. 2 Cemadiyelevvel 1288 [20 July 1871], Vol. II, Matbaa-ı Amire, Istanbul, 1289 [1872].

Erim, Nihat, Devletlerarası Hukuku ve Siyasi Tarih Metinleri, Vol. I, Türk Tarih Kurumu, Ankara, 1953.

Hiller, Tim, Sourcebook on Public International Law, Vol. II, Cavendish Publishing Ltd., London, 1998.

Index to the Executive Documents of the House of Representatives, 1978-79, Vol. I, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1879.

Jelavich, Barbara, “Great Britain and the Russian Acquisition of Batum, 1878-1886”, The Slavonic and East European Review, Vol. 48, No. 110 (January, 1970), pp. 44-66.

Macveagh, Wayne, “Navigation of the Bosphorus”, New York Times, March 13, 1871.

Mehmet Akman, “Tanzimat’tan Cumhuriyet’e Osmanlı Hukuk Mevzuatı I, I. Tertip Düstur’un Tarihi Fihrist ve Dizini”, Türk Hukuk Tarihi Araştırmaları, NO. 3, (Spring 2003).

Renzi, William A. “Great Britain, Russia, and the Straits, 1914-1915”, The Journal of Modern History, C. 42, No. 1, March 1970

Treaty of San Stefano.

US Congress Records, Doc. No. 304, Treaty Between United States and Sublime Porte, Doc. No. 304, February 9, 1832.

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Sarayburnu,+34400+Fatih%2F%C4%B0stanbul,+T%C3%BCrkiye/@41.016068,28.985438,12z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x14cab9c5d10d3b69:0xe5a5ed1722916dec [Accessed 30 May 2015].


Refback'ler

  • Şu halde refbacks yoktur.


Creative Commons Lisansı
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.